Racial Formations: Reflection and Analysis

I am, no ifs, ands or buts, totally awkward examining race. Indeed, it is among my least most loved activities. I for the most part feel as though I don't have a clue how to examine race without culpable somebody, utilizing an inappropriate word, uncovering my numbness about numerous issues inside the theme, altering my perspective on a specific conviction midstream, or just for the most part resembling a nitwit. I keep away from these conversations no matter what since they put me in a spot I am once in a while prepared to be. Along these lines, normally, this perusing evoked an emotional response from me before it in reality even started. I related in a split second and wholeheartedly to the inquiry brought up in the presentation: â€Å"If race isn't ‘real’ from a logical perspective, for what reason would i be able to check out my study hall or grounds and see that somebody is dark or Asian or white? † This bind has tormented me for quite a long time. I couldn't help thinking that race must be in excess of a social development set up hundreds of years back. It had never truly sounded good to me, and this inquiry built up an individual association for me to Omi and Winant’s resulting clarification of this astounding idea. The authors’ clarification of the historical backdrop of race cognizance positively helped me as I continued looking for answers and gave me a much more clear comprehension of the sources of race awareness. I could envision the European settlers’ shock after finding theirs was by all account not the only existing race, in this manner testing basically every strict conviction they held about creation. They couldn't clarify this distinction, and, as people sincere in their religion, that was unsatisfactory. They required clarification, and they expected to discover it in the Bible. It isn't hard to identify with the tension and vulnerability they encountered. Individuals of all religions appear to spend a lot of their work on legitimizing what occurs in their lives †both great and awful †inside their specific strict writings. We take sacred text, refrains, lines, part, etc and make it fit into what bodes well for us or, by and large, make it work for our potential benefit so we can adapt to what we don't comprehend or concur with. Having set up how race awareness came to be in any case, Omi nd Winant address how race turned into a social idea, the issue at the core of my unique problem. As I read about hypodescent and convictions about racial intermixture, I began to comprehend. The authors’ utilization of Marvin Harris’ work additionally settled this seeing, especially Harris’ explanation, â€Å"†¦ The standard of hypodescent is, subsequently, a development, which we in the United States have made so as to shield natural re alities from barging in into our aggregate supremacist fantasies† (11). That was it. This eighteenth-century perspective was a continuation of the European settlers’ need to legitimize certain practices. They might not have been utilizing the Bible to do as such, however the makers of hypodescent were simply making a conviction to assist them with overcoming the social structure they had built up and acknowledged. Since I have a greatly improved comprehension of race as simply a social build, I guess my issue isn't completely with those European pioneers and not with creators of extraordinary thoughts about â€Å"Negro blood† but instead with current society. We are currently at a point that we should know better. We should realize that nobody race is prevalent. We should realize that â€Å"white† is scarcely â€Å"pure† and positively doesn't rise to â€Å"better† just in light of the fact that it is â€Å"white. † We have all that could possibly be needed data to move past these perspectives and into another time wherein we can, as Omi and Winant state toward the finish of the composition, â€Å"break with these propensities for thought† (15).

Minority Report Essay Example

Minority Report Paper Oedipus the King, a disaster by Sophocles, was written in the fifth Century B. C. , keeps on affecting today’s culture. This play is about a man who spares a spot, called Thebes, where they crown him as lord for his activities. On a journey to locate the past king’s killer, Oedipus tumbles to his fate by his lethal defect. Extra time, society has made various fine arts utilizing subjects from this play. A notable film is Minority Report, which utilizes a few subjects from Oedipus the King. This film is about a man named John Anderton, who runs a program called Pre-wrongdoing. Pre-wrongdoing is where three precognitive see a future crime, and have a group of criminologists forestalls the manslaughter. In Minority Report, John Anderton in the end falls too, because of his appalling imperfection. The reason for this article is to investigate the comparative topics of visual deficiency, prediction, and endeavoring to beat destiny in these two show-stoppers. In the two works of art, visual impairment doesn't just allude to physical sight however cognizance also. In Oedipus the King, the subject of visual impairment reoccurs a few times. The first occasion when we experience this subject is the point at which the Tiresias, a visually impaired prophet, comes to assist Oedipus with his journey. We will compose a custom article test on Minority Report explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Minority Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Minority Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Despite the fact that Tiresias was correct, Oedipus was oblivious in regards to reality. Another example that incorporates visual impairment is Oedipus being not able to grasp reality. At that point a last model is when Oedipus acknowledges reality and cuts his eyes out. While Minority Report, utilizes a great deal of imagery for visual impairment. The first run through visual impairment is referenced is after the initial credits. It begins with a man discussing how daze he is, at that point the scene changes to his sun cutting scissors into an eye on a magazine, and afterward we see a nearby of an eye. The film additionally shows that Anderton is visually impaired, in light of the fact that he can't fathom a few things he is told. Like the prediction the medication sealer structure an inappropriate part of town let him know. John Anderton is even blinded by his pretentiousness. The topic of visual impairment is clear in both these works, since it gives indication that the hero doesn't perceive how murder influences their lives. A subsequent significant topic in the two works is prescience. In these works, the hero gets predictions about their prospects. Oedipus gets his first prescience preceding the play. The prophet cautions him that he will murder his dad and wed his mom. While he is told the second prescience toward the start of the play. Here, Tiresias prophesizes that he will get visually impaired, destitute, poor, avoided and debilitated with self-hatred. At that point in Minority Report, John Anderton gets two predictions too. The first originates from the eyeless street pharmacist, saying that what's to come is where the visually impaired live under a one looked at ruler. Later in the film, Agatha sees a future where John will murder a man named Leo Crowe. In the end, each of the four of these predictions come regret as they were said. This topic is apparent too; this is on the grounds that prediction influences them. It causes them to do whatever is important to ensure it doesn't occur, and demonstrates their guiltlessness. This is a significant topic since it likewise further builds up the plot. Another normal topic between these works is attempting to overcome destiny. All through the film or play, the hero attempts their best to evade their destiny. Earlier Oedipus the King, Oedipus is given an unpleasant destiny that makes him live in dread. Attempting to get away from his foreordained destiny, where he is to murder his dad and wed his mom. He flees from home in dread of being close to his folks. Be that as it may, regardless of what Oedipus attempts the prescience works out as expected. This is on the grounds that he let dread standard his life, and needed of information on his genuine family relationship. At that point by disregarding Tiresias and Jocasta, he keeps on burrowing for reality. This prompts the second prescience genuine, making his a visually impaired hobo. While in Minority Report, John runs too when he sees a dream of himself slaughtering Leo Crowe. Again attempting to evade destiny falls flat, since Leo Crowe inevitably passes on. This film in this way demonstrates destiny can't be crushed. In any event, when John Anderton chose to capture the casualty rather then execute him, at long last Mr. Crowe still kicks the bucket. It likewise shows that destiny may not generally be clear. This is on the grounds that the vision of Crowe’s demise is with John executing him however in all actuality Crowe murdered himself. At that point the prescience of a one looked at managed works out also. Before the finish of the film John has one eye, and furthermore significant data that can destroy Pre-wrongdoing. Here he is the one looked at ruler since he has data, which nobody else has. This makes society oblivious in regards to reality, along these lines he runs since he knows this data. Predictions are a significant topic since they can give the hero a concentration and entangle the plot. At long last, Oedipus the King and Minority Report have comparable topics. Among the ones recorded above they are a couple of others including hubris. Despite the fact that not all things are the equivalent, utilizing Classical Greek writing is valuable. Greek writing as a source of perspective for a contemporary film can help create thoughts and plot. Information on Greek dramatization can likewise better the experience. With this information, somebody can more readily appreciate the film in light of the fact that could see a greater amount of the plot and have foundation data for motion pictures. Notwithstanding, to much information can destroy a film understanding. On the off chance that somebody knows a ton of Greek dramatization one can perceive a film plot, and make sense of will occur before getting the chance to appreciate the film. In this way, such as everything else, realizing Greek dramatization can better an encounter and ruin it simultaneously. For Aristotle, this film would meet the models of an ideal dramatization. Because of the cutting edge setting, the grievous saint, and complex plot of Minority Report, the film will positively meet the standards of Aristotle.

Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for OCD

Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for OCD OCD Treatment Print Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for OCD By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 23, 2018 Tom Merton/Getty Images More in OCD Treatment Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Types Living With OCD Related Conditions Individual cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is very effective, but its also very expensive. If youre getting  OCD treatment through a hospital or other healthcare setting, you are now very likely to receive group CBT treatment for your OCD symptoms  instead of individual therapy in order to cut costs. Although a group setting can initially be intimidating, there are actually many benefits to participating in OCD group therapy. Group Therapy Works as Well as Individual Therapy The effectiveness of group versus individual CBT for OCD has been the subject of much scientific investigation. Overall, clinical research suggests that group CBT for OCD is just as effective as individual CBT for the treatment of OCD symptoms in both adults and adolescents. Group CBT has also been shown to be effective for major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders, many of which occur with OCD. Advantages Although the content of group CBT is essentially the same as individual CBT, there are a number of advantages to participating in group therapy, which includes: Increased Cost Effectiveness.  It has been shown that group CBT for OCD is usually much more cost-effective both for the individual and the healthcare provider. If you are not able to afford individual CBT, many psychologists in private practice may be able to offer treatment in a group setting. Access to Social Support.  Much of the suffering associated with OCD stems from the feelings of isolation caused by OCD symptoms. Group therapy allows you the opportunity to see that you are not alone and that others are struggling with similar challenges. Other group members often have great hints and tips for coping with OCD. Increased Motivation.  Just as it can be difficult to go to the gym by yourself, it can be difficult to undertake cognitive and/or behavioral therapy for OCD on your own. By receiving therapy in a group setting, you can receive encouragement from others. You may even help inspire others to change. The shared experience of tackling OCD symptoms can be very powerful. Getting the Most Out of Group Therapy While group therapy has its advantages, it is only as beneficial as the amount of work you put in. Group therapy is not only about sitting back and listening to others (though listening has its benefits as well). Here are four tips for getting the most out of your group therapy. Speak Up.  The vast majority of group facilitators work very hard to create a “safe” environment for clients to share experiences with OCD symptoms, some of which can be very embarrassing or touch on potentially sensitive areas, such as relationships or sexuality. However, if you are anxious in social situations or speaking in public, it can be tempting to sit back and let others do the talking in a group setting. The single best way to get the most out of group CBT is to become an active group member. Sharing your experiences allows you to get the feedback from others and to have a group of people with life-long experience with OCD helping you to work through challenging situations rather than a single therapist. Attend Sessions  Religiously.  It is also very important to attend sessions as consistently as you can. It is very disruptive for a group to have members that pop in and out of the group from week to week. This erodes the trust factor that is built up in the group over time. Likewise, keeping up with weekly homework assignments helps you get benefits more quickly and demonstrates to others in the group your commitment to treatment. Such commitment is often contagious. Accept Differences. It can also be helpful to realize that not everyone likes or even gets along with everyone else. Although group facilitators do their best to create good group chemistry, you might encounter someone with a difficult personality or who does not see things the same way you do. If someone is making it uncomfortable for you to attend the group, speak to the group facilitator privately to see if a solution can be found. Be Committed to Change.   Finally, research shows that the people who have good results with psychotherapy, including group therapy, are those who are highly motivated to change and willing to try and put in the commitment required. Cognitive-behavior therapy requires that you start to take some chances in hopes of getting a better handle on your OCD symptoms. If you have questions about your readiness to participate in group psychotherapy, talk to your doctor or psychologist.

A Quick Guide to Encourage Your Child to Read

How can you encourage your child, whether a beginning reader or a reluctant reader, to read childrens books on a regular basis? Here are some ideas that may help. Simple Tips to Encourage Reading Make a habit of reading to your child every day, whether she is a one-year-old or a 10-year-old.When your child is able, have him read to you. You can take turns reading chapters in a simple chapter book, for example.Get a library card for your child. Go to the library every week and take out several books.Be aware of your childs interests and direct your child to related books.Try to find a series that she really likes and will want to continue reading.Provide a comfortable reading area, with good lighting, in your home.Discuss books with your child.If your child is a reluctant reader and not reading on grade level, buy her hi/lo books (books with a high-interest level, low vocabulary).Talk to your childs teacher and ask for suggestions.If your child responds well to incentives and enjoys using the computer, enroll in an online book group (with your supervision).If your child really enjoys a particular author, check with your librarian about other authors or books he might enjoy.Chi ldren also often enjoy the opportunity to read childrens magazines. Main Takeaways Basically, you want to stay on the side of encouraging rather than nagging if you want your child to read and love doing it. Nothing puts a child off faster than feeling forced to do something, so be careful. The importance of reading to your child daily cannot be emphasized enough -- so make it a priority. Also, be consistent with reading aloud together, trips to the library and other encouraging activities. Finally, if your child is in a preteen or entering middle school, the article  Middle School, Reading and Tweens: Motivate Your Preteen to Read  is a useful and informative resource.

Scrapbook of Styles Ritual in Maya Angelous Caged Bird

Born in St. Louis and then reared by her grandmother in the segregated community of Stamps, Arkansas, Maya Angelou overcame great adversities in her roller-coaster life to become a successful writer, dancer, singer, and African-American activist. The passages here have been drawn from Chapter 22 of the first volume of her autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings  (1969). In these paragraphs, Angelou recalls the first funeral that she attended as a child, that of Mrs. Florida Taylor, a neighbor who had left young Maya a yellow brooch. The ritual that Angelou describes also marked the girls first recognition of her own mortality. A Passage From I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings* (1969) by Maya Angelou The mourners on the front benches sat in a blue-serge, black-crepe-dress gloom. A funeral hymn made its way around the church tediously but successfully. It eased into the heart of every gay thought, into the care of each happy memory. Shattering the light and hopeful: On the other side of Jordan, there is a peace for the weary, there is a peace for me. The inevitable destination of all living things seemed but a short step away. I had never considered before that  dying, death, dead, passed away, were  words  and  phrases  that might be even faintly connected with me.But on that onerous day, oppressed beyond relief, my own mortality was borne in upon me on sluggish tides of doom.No sooner had the mournful song run its course than the minister took to the altar and delivered a sermon that in my state gave little comfort. Its subject was, Thou art my good and faithful servant with whom I am well pleased. His voice enweaved itself through the somber vapors left by the dirge. In a monotonous tone he warned the listeners that this day might be your last, and the best insurance against dying a sinner was to make yourself right with God so that on the fateful day He would say, Thou art my good and faithful servant with whom I am well pleased...Mr. Taylor and the high church officials were the first to file around the bier to wave farewell to the departed and get a glimpse of what lay in store for all men. Then on heavy feet, made more ponderous by the guilt of the living viewing the dead, the adult church marched up to the coffin and back to their seats. Their faces, which showed apprehension before reaching the coffin, revealed, on the way down the opposite aisle, a final confrontation of their fears. Watching them was a little like peeping through a window when the shade is not drawn flush. Although I didnt try, it was impossible not to record their roles in the drama.And then a black-dressed usher stuck her hand out woodenly toward the childrens rows. Th ere was the shifty rustling of unreadiness but finally a boy of fourteen led us off and I dared not hang back, as much as I hated the idea of seeing Mrs. Taylor. Up the aisle, the moans and screams merged with the sickening smell of woolen black clothes worn in summer weather and green leaves wilting over yellow flowers. I couldnt distinguish whether I was smelling the clutching sound of misery or hearing the cloying odor of death.It would have been easier to see her through the gauze, but instead I looked down on the stark face that seemed suddenly so empty and evil. It knew secrets that I never wanted to share. *I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, the first volume of Maya Angelous autobiography, was published by Random House in 1970. It is also available in a Random House paperback edition (2009).

Byzantine and Islamic Civilizations Free Essays

A civilization can be described as the culture of a complex society, not just the society itself. Every society, civilization or not, has a specific set of ideas and customs, and a certain set of items and arts, that make it unique. Perhaps the single most salient aspect of Byzantine culture was the transmission of classical culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Byzantine and Islamic Civilizations or any similar topic only for you Order Now While classical studies, science, and philosophy largely dissipated in the Latin west, Byzantine education and philosophy still zealously pursued these intellectual traditions. It was in Byzantium that Plato and Aristotle continued to be studied and were eventually transmitted first into the Islamic world and then back into Western Europe. A basic education in Byzantium consisted first of the mastery of classical Greek literature, such as Homer (largely unknown in the West during this period)—almost all of the Greek literature we have today was only preserved by the Byzantines. Byzantine culture is important because of two lines of transmission. One line of transmission involved the exporting of classical Greek and Roman culture into Islam and, to a lesser extent, the transmission of Byzantine theological speculation into Islamic theology. The second is the transmission of Byzantine culture and religion to Slavic peoples, especially to the Russians. Byzantine cultural practices and beliefs are still practiced among Slavs today. Russian religion, art, philosophy, and even literature, such as the writings of Chekhov and Dostoevsky, show profound influences from Byzantine culture. The first flowering of ecclesiastical literature of Byzantium is Hellenistic in form and Oriental in spirit. Their works, which cover the whole field of ecclesiastical prose literature . The epigram, suited the Byzantine taste for the ornamental and for intellectual ingenuity. It corresponded exactly to the concept of the minor arts that attained high development in the Byzantine period . The influence of Byzantine art in Western Europe; particularly Italy was seen in ecclesiastical architecture. The Arab-Islamic culture played its leading part in the best way possible in building world scientific renaissance. While Europe was buried in the darkness of the Middle Ages, the Islamic -civilization (the cradle of the Arab-Islamic culture) was at its apogee. Islam greatly contributed to the advancement of science, medicine and philosophy. The imprint of the Arab-Islamic culture was predominant, noticeable and effective in many scientific, intellectual and cultural fields. Arab and Muslim scholars invented the numerical system; the figure Zero; the decimal system; the theory of evolution-one hundred years before Darwin; pulmonary circulation -three centuries before Harvey. They discovered gravity and the relationship between weight, speed and distance several centuries before Newton; they measured the speed of light, calculated the angles of reflection and refraction, computed the circumference of the earth, and determined the dimensions of heavenly bodies. Many forms of Islamic architecture have evolved in different regions of Europe. Notable Islamic architectural types include the early Abbasid buildings, T- type mosques, and the central-dome mosques of Anatolia. The oil -wealth of the 20th century drove a great deal of mosque construction using designs from leading modern architects. Thus these two civilizations have enormously enriched this world especially Western Europe and laid a solid foundation for further enhancement in almost every field of activity thereby giving us so many reasons to be proud of. Bibliography: 1. Culture of Greece Wikipedia 2. Islamweb. net 3. European middle ages 4. Byzantine Civilization – Speros Vryonis How to cite Byzantine and Islamic Civilizations, Papers

Marketing Management Segmentation Reflects Effective

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Management for Segmentation Reflects Effective. Answer: Introduction: Segmentation reflects effective division of the entire population into several groups as per the specific characteristics (McDonald, 2012). Now, McDonalds is presently conducting business in the entire world market for achieving sustainable growth in the market. For that reason, McDonalds have included different types of segmentation strategy for penetrating the global market in an appropriate way. McDonalds have included geographical segmentation, as it will allow the organization to develop specific penetration plan for each region. Moreover, McDonalds have utilized demographical segmentation based on the gender, age and occupation for enhancing the loyalty level of the customers in an appropriate way. Furthermore, McDonalds also have focused on the behavioural segmentation perspective for including the factors like personality, social class, degree of loyalty and user status in an effective manner. In addition, McDonalds have included psychological segmentation strategy for utiliz ing the cultural and lifestyle characteristics of the customers in an appropriate way. Target market strategy of McDonalds: Targeting reflects selection of specific group from the segmented groups for enhancing the sales volume in a major way. Many studies have highlighted the fact that proper utilization of target market strategy is necessary for fulfilling the entire business objectives. For that reason, McDonalds target market strategy is primarily focused on the teenagers, kids or families for achieving their desired sales volume. McDonalds have targeted kids from the age group between 8-25 years for creating desired impact on the market (Crawford, 2015). On the other hand, McDonalds also have targeted entire families for developing strong brand in the market. References: Crawford, A. (2015). McDonald's: A Case Study in Glocalization. Journal of Global Business Issues, 9(1), 11. McDonald, M. (2012). Market Segmentation. John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

Book Of Mormon Is False Essays - Book Of Mormon Witnesses

Book Of Mormon Is False An Examination of the Book of Mormon and its Chief Witnesses Joseph Smith, the founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints claimed that he received the Book of Mormon as a revelation from God. He said that the heavenly being Moroni appeared to him and directed him to some buried gold plates which contained ancient writings. His task then, was to translate these ancient writings with the help of seer stones which were also buried with the gold plates. Smith received strict directions from the heavenly being that he was to show the plates to no one except for appointed individuals. The Book of Mormon in its preface identifies these as eleven persons: the three witnesses and the eight witnesses. A student of religion would now be interested in knowing something about these witnesses, for only then can we evaluate their worth as witnesses. The Book of Mormon names the three witnesses as Oliver Cowdery, David Whitmer, and Martin Harris. The book also names the eight witnesses as follows: Christian Whitmer, Jacob Whitmer, Peter Whitmer, Jr., John Whitmer, Hiram Page, Joseph Smith, Sr., Hyrum Smith, and Samuel H. Smith. Who were these persons? And what can we know about them that would give us reason to either believe or disbelieve them as witnesses in this most important matter? A good place to look for information would be the publications of the Mormons themselves, since they should more than anyone else be interested in preserving histories of their principal witnesses. This approach could be used at least as a starting point for gathering information before further scrutiny and investigative work. In this study I would like to turn to two books published by the Mormons to find information about the chief witnesses. The first book is the Doctrine and Covenant, a book of authoritative scriptures for the Mormons. The second book is Church History Timeline by William W. Slaughter, published by Desert Book Company, in Salt Lake City, Utah, 1996. What follows is a brief look at the information these books contain about the witnesses and other key persons associated with the Book of Mormon. My intention here is not to provide a summary of the entire body of information but only to show that what we learn from these books do not give us much confidence in the witnesses and hence in the Book of Mormon itself. The first of the three witnesses is Oliver Cowdery, a rural schoolteacher. He was a scribe to Joseph Smith, and associate president of the Church. In April 12,1838 he was excommunicated from the Mormon Church. He was rebaptized ten years later in November 1848 and died March 3, 1850. Reading this, one must wonder why this chief witness was excommunicated during the lifetime of Joseph Smith his prophet, and be allowed back in the church after his prophet died. Smith was martyred on June 27, 1844. The second of the three witnesses is Martin Harris. He was a prosperous farmer who was known as industrious, honest, and generous. It was his $3000 that financed the first 5,000 copies of the Book of Mormon. But, as William Slaughter informs us: Harris clashed with Church leaders over monetary practices and was excommunicated in December 1837; he was rebaptized November 27, 1842. (Church History Timeline, p. 5). The same Martin Harris was given 116 pages of the book of Mormon after Joseph Smith had translated them with the help of the seer stones. But then he allowed wicked men to take these pages for the purpose of corrupting the translation and then to accuse Joseph Smith of falsehood in his prophetic claim. Why would Martin Harris do this? The Doctrine and Covenants explains that he was a wicked man who sought to destroy Joseph Smith. Joseph Smith relates in his history how Martin Harris had previously taken sample characters from the book of Mormon along with the relevant translation of those characters and received confirmation of these in New York City from a professor Charles Anton and Dr. Mitchell. These men attested that the characters were true characters of the Egyptian, Chaldaic, Assyriac and Arabic, and that the translation so far done by Joseph Smith was accurate. Now, one may wonder why did Harris, after he had received this confirmation, should seek to destroy Joseph Smith. And what value should we attach to the testimony of a man who sought to destroy one whom he believed was God's prophet? Since the Doctrine and Covenants call Harris a wicked man,

The 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Munich, Germany

The 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Munich, Germany Introduction Currently, events are increasingly being considered as one of the key components of our culture (Torkildsen, 2005, p.467). This has arisen from a number of factors some of which include increase in the consumers’ discretionary income and leisure time (Campbell, Stonehouse, Houston, 2004, p. 34).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Munich, Germany specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The world of events is composed of a wide spectrum of events some of which relate to sports, politics, business and cultural occasions (Damster, Tassiopoulos, Dry, Gasche, Johnson Knocker, 2005, p.8). Events can either be classified as special events, major events, and hallmark events. Special events include events that occur less frequently and are outside the normal operations of the organizing body (Varrel Kennedy, 2011, p. 1). On the other hand, major events entail large scale events wh ich are either national or international. As a result, they attract extensive media coverage and spectators (Damster et al, 2005, p.8). The sports industry is one of the economic sectors within which numerous mega events are organized (Shone Parry, 2004, p.65). An example of such sporting event is the Winter Olympics. Decision to establish the Winter Olympic Games was first conceived in 1908 with the acceptance of figure skating during the Summer Games which were held in London. The first Winter Olympics were held in 1924 in Chamonix, Paris (Mechikoff, 2009, p.43). Currently, the Winter Olympic Games are held after every 4 years. Over the years, The Winter Olympic Games have undergone significant transformations. For example, more sports such as snowboarding, skeleton, figure skating, speed skating, curling, luge and freestyle skiing have permanently been included in the sports programme. Letter of introduction The Winter Olympic Games bid committee for the 2018 Winter Games is ple ased to present its bid to hold the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Munich, Germany. Decision to make the bid arose from appreciation of the fact that Germany has successfully held other mega events in the past. For example, the 2006 FIFA World Cup which was held in Germany is one of the motivations that have made Munich to make the bid to host the 2018 Winter Olympics. Additionally, Bavaria which is one of the regions in Germany has successfully hosted winter games for example the recent World Championships which were held at Alpine. As a result, the country has sufficient facilities to host such a mega event.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, Munich intends to promote world peace through sports. In this document, the Bid Committee has outlined its evaluation of Munich as an appropriate city to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. Please find within the d ocument a comprehensive evaluation of Munich’s bid in addition with a concrete fact finding process. Positioning Vision Munich intends to effectively host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games which are amongst the most famous winter sports within the region. Over the years, Munich has successfully hosted major events and festivals. By hosting the Winter Olympic Games, Munich intends to promote the Winter Olympic Games into a celebration for all the parties. Mission The mission of Munich 2018 Winter Olympic Games is twofold. These entail promoting world peace through sports and to enhance development of the youth. Core values Some of the core values which will guide Munich in organizing 2018 Olympic Games entail portraying the spirit of solidarity, friendship, and fair play. Additionally, the participants are required to avoid any form of discrimination during the competition. Therefore, infrastructure and financial base are not the only factors which are considered when selecting th e city to host the Winter Olympic Games. However, the government of the host country must guarantee that that the Olympic Games charter will be respected (Japanese Olympic Committee, 2011, para. 1). Analysis of Munich as a host for the 2012 Winter Olympics Community Overview Germany is ranked as the 4th largest economy in the world with a population of approximately 82 million people (Tiersky, Jones Genugten, 2011, p. 119). The City of Munich is estimated to have a population of 1.4 million citizens while that of Bavaria is 12.6 million citizens. The country has adopted a parliamentary democracy system of government. However, the powers are shared between sixteen federal states and the Federal Government. The Members of Parliament are elected directly by the citizens every 4 years.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Munich, Germany specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The elected Members of Parliament in turn elect the Chancellor who is charged with the responsibility of proposing the cabinet. The 2 tiers of government which include the State and the Federal governments have separate powers. The municipalities form a part of the state government. However, their operation is characterized by a certain degree of autonomy. Government support and partnership The success of the mega-event such as the Olympic Games is dependent on the degree of government support and partnership with various parties (Hiller, 2000, p. 440). The delivery of the 2018 Munich Olympic Games has clearly been defined by the Munich 2018 Multi-Party Agreement. The agreement clearly stipulates the commitments by the various parties to support the Olympic Games in different capacities. During the 2018 Munich Olympic Games, the German Federal government will be charged with a number of responsibilities. Some of these entail construction and maintenance of the venues, transport system and ensuring prov ision of effective immigration and customs services. The Free State of Bavaria will be charged with the responsibility of ensuring that there is sufficient security during the event. On the other hand, the local, regional and national authorities will be required to contribute 33.3% to cater for the construction of the competition venues. Additionally, the local authorities have accepted to contribute towards the construction of non-competition venues. The bid for Munich to host the 2018 Olympic Games has not only gained support from the local, regional and national authorities but also from the private sectors. The bid committee met with the German Prime Minister, the Chancellor and ministers who pledged their full support for Munich to host the 2018 Olympic Games. Community support For a particular city to successfully host Olympic Games, it must have sufficient land (International Monetary Fund, 2010, p. 9). This arises from the fact that significant proportion of land is used to construct the necessary facilities. In the process of bidding to host the Olympic Games, the bid committee experienced one major challenge. This arose from the fact that some of the local landowners especially those located at Garmisch-Partenkirchen were not willing to offer their land to ensure construction of the various sporting facilities. As a result, they decided to challenge the validity of Munich hosting the Winter Olympic Games.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite this challenge, an opinion poll conducted by the International Olympic Commission revealed that the bid for Munich to host the 2018 Olympic Games is increasingly receiving support. The poll results show that 60% and 53% of residents within Munich and Bavaria support the bid respectively. On the other hand, the national support for the bid stands at 56%. Host Organizing Committee (HOC) overview Legal The prevailing legal framework in Germany is sufficient for Munich to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. This arises from the fact that the government adopted the Olympic laws in 2010. Germany has over the past year been committed towards meeting the IOC requirements. The Organizing Committee of Olympic Games will operate as a not-for profit limited liability Company. The shareholders will include the local municipality of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, the Free State of Bavaria, the NOC, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Rural District of Berchtesgadener. The Shareholders Board will be charged with the responsibility of defining and implementing the role and responsibilities of the various stakeholders. Additionally, there will be a Supervisory Board which will be subject to the Shareholders Board. Its role will entail undertaking administrative control of OCOG. Additionally, there will be an executive management team which will be charged with the responsibility of overseeing the day to day operations of the OCOG. Host Competition Venues Mega events should have all the appropriate venues to host the event (Westerbeek, Turner Ingerson, 2002, p. 303). Munich intends to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in its existing venues. Additionally, the City of Munich plans to transform and revitalize some of the venues that were used during the 1972 Olympic Park from being Summer Olympics based to Winter Olympic based. Two main zones which include Garmisch-Partenkirchen and Munich will be used during the event. The City of Munich will be the center for all the gam es to be held. The bid intends to convert the 1972 Olympic Park into a venue that can host ice sports. Five competition venues will be used during the event. The opening and the closing ceremonies will be conducted in the existing Olympic stadium. Sports such as figure skating will take place in the existing stadium while the 1972 diving swimming venues will be converted into a curling venue. A demountable venue will be developed to host the speed skating oval. The bidding committee will ensure that an effective Olympic Village is developed. A number of media villages which will be located near the Ice Park will be designed. Another non-competition venue which will be developed includes the Munich zone. This zone will be comprised of the medals plaza, a restaurant and the main media center. Garmisch-Partenkirchen town successfully held the Winter Olympic Games in 1936. Within the Garmisch-Partenkirchen zone, 7 snow competition venues will be designed. Five of these venues will be lo cated within the Garmisch-Partenkirchen zone. Some of the sports that will be held within this venue include snowboard skiing, alpine skiing, ski jumping and freestyle. On the other hand, cross-country skiing and biathlon will be held at the Schwaiganger Nordic center. Other facilities that will be located within the center include a hotel to accommodate the media, the medals plaza, 4 media villages and a mountain media center. Transportation services Effective transport is necessary to ensure ease of connectivity when hosting a mega event (Roche, 2000, p.140). All the venues which supporting the Winter Olympic Games will be interconnected with an effective transport system which will entail a railway line and roads. To ensure effective interconnection of the venues a comprehensive improvement of the railway line will be undertaken. Additionally, 3 road tunnels will be constructed within Garmisch-Partenkirchen to ensure ease of access to the snow venues. Three main links will form t he core transport system between the venues. These include the Munich airport which will connect the participants to the Munich hotel area which is approximately 40 kilometers away. The airport is connected with numerous motorways and railway lines. The second system will link Munich to Schwaiganger Nordic Center which is a distance of 65 kilometers and Garmisch-Partenkirchen which is a distance of 90 kilometers. To ensure successful interconnection between Schwaiganger Nordic Center and Garmisch-Partenkirchen, the road tunnels will be expanded to 4 lanes. The 3rd system will link Munich to Konigssee through rail, road and motorway. Munich International Airport which is a modern, high capacity facility will serve as the main gateway airport for the entire event. The airport serves approximately 33 million passengers annually. The airport is strategically located at 125 kilometers North of Garmisch-Partenkirchen and 40 kilometers North of Munich. The chart below shows the estimated t ravel time between Munich international airport and the Olympic villages. Olympic Village Munich International Airport Konigssee 125 minutes Garmisch-Partenkirchen 90 minutes Munich 25 minutes Considering the fact that there are 7 motorways and 8 railway lines which converge in Munich city, the city forms the main transport center for Southern Germany. To eliminate congestion within the competition and non-competition venues, the bid committee will not provide any parking services. The bid committee has ensured that the venues are effectively served by shuttle buses and rail. Additionally, the bid committee will design 35,000 park-and-ride lots which will be distributed across all the venues which will host the event. Approximately 20,000 parking lots will be located around Munich, 13,000 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen and Schwaiganger and 2,000 in Konigssee-Berchtesgaden area. The appropriateness of Munich and Garmisch-Partenkirchen zones arises from the fact that these zone s are served by effective transport system. High capacity shuttle buses and low capacity rail stations will be used to connect all the venues. Additionally, the bid committee will ensure that traffic within Garmisch-Partenkirchen zone is limited to only permit holders and the Olympic transport. Considering the fact that the motorway system within Munich will be heavily used during the games, the bid committee will integrate advanced traffic management measures (Evans, Campbell Stonehouse, 2002, p. 34). Security services Tarlow (2002, p.9) is of the opinion that security is a critical consideration when holding any event. The bid committee believes that Munich has a comprehensive understanding of the security needs during the mega events such as the Winter Olympic Games. During the Winter Olympic Games, Munich will assign the security responsibility to the Free State of Bavaria. This decision was arrived at after consideration of the fact that Bavaria has successfully held mega even ts in the past. Additionally, security support will also be provided by the Federal Governmental agencies. The Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG) will be charged with the responsibility of ensuring security within the non-competition and the competition venues. The overall security of the entire event will be on the Bavarian Ministry of Interior. The bid committee estimates that a total of $ 49 million will be incurred to cater for non-OCOG security while $ 37 million will be incurred to cater for equipments, planning, training, logistics, coordination, private security and law enforcement personnel. The German government guaranteed that the cost of the security will be integrated in the budget for the involved agencies. The security personnel for the event will be drawn from the Bavarian forced, private security agencies, and volunteers. The bid committee has also considered seeking the help of police forces from other regions within Germany. Information communicatio n technology It is important for event managers to ensure that there is an effective communication system to ensure successful completion of the intended event (Adams Mallen, 2008, p. 91). The City of Munich is extremely advanced with regard to information technology. For example, the city has a well established telecommunication infrastructure. From its assessment, the bid committee established that the city of Munich has sufficient level of technology and expertise that meets the requirements of the Winter Olympic Games. Environmental services One of the most important components which should be taken into consideration when bidding to host any event relates to the impact of the event on the environment (Yeoman et al, 2003, p. 32). The 2018 Olympic Games bid committee has formulated an innovative sustainability strategy. The strategy entails use of temporary and existing venues to host the event. As a result, the event will have minimal environmental impact. By bidding the 2018 W inter Olympic Games, Munich intends to attain the Gold standard under the German Sustainable Building Council certification system. The objective of the certification system is to reduce energy consumption with a margin of 30% during the 2018 games. In the process of upgrading and constructing new venues, a total of 1.3 hectares of forest will be cleared. To ensure environmental sustainability, the bid committee will ensure that an equivalent area is covered with trees. However, upgrading and construction of the competition and non-competition venues will not affect the protected areas. Additionally, the committee will also ensure that the Games adhere to the concept of carbon neutrality. Ensuring environmental sustainability is a key element in the bidding process (House of Commons, 2003, p. 7). This will be attained by integrating carbon offsets and using energy saving technologies and renewable forms of energy. The bid committee will ensure that all the venues are supplied with 1 00 per cent green energy. Medical facilities In an effort to enhance the wellbeing of the participants, each of the Olympic Villages will offer effective medical services. All the competition venues will offer modern emergency services in line with the specifications of each sport. Additionally, the bid committee will ensure that free healthcare services are offered to all the Paralympics and the Olympic family during the games. The bid committee has selected 4 hospitals with a total bed capacity of 4,100 to take care of the athletes and their respective organizing committees. The committee has also taken into account the interest of the spectators. Free first aid and other emergency medical services will be offered to the spectators at all the venues. Considering the fact that Germany is a signatory to WADA Copenhagen Declaration which prohibits doping in sports, Munich 2018 bid committee will open a laboratory for the event at the Technical University of Munich. This will play a c ritical role in fighting drug trafficking and doping. Marketing and communication Upon developing a product or service, a comprehensive marketing strategy should be formulated to create awareness amongst the target customers (Silvers, 2004, p. 6). For a mega event such as the Winter Olympics to be successful, it is critical for a comprehensive marketing campaign to be conducted (Theodoraki, 2007, p. 37). The objective of the campaign is to create awareness to a large number of individuals. To ensure successful creation of publicity regarding the Munich 2018 Olympic Games, the bid committee has integrated different marketing communication techniques. One of these entails outdoor advertising. For example, outdoor advertising spaces have been guaranteed by Munich Airport, and at other transportation companies. Other outdoor advertising guarantees that have been obtained entail posting adverts at Salzburg and Innsbruck airports in Austria. To ensure that a large number of individuals ar e aware of the event, Munich 2018 Olympic Games bid committee will also use other mediums in creating awareness. One of these will entail securing television rights with the local television stations. Legacy plan There are a number of legacies associated with the Munich 2018 Olympic Games. For example, 2 new multi-sports facilities will be constructed within Munich. Hosting the event will contribute towards an intensive investment in road infrastructure especially within the Garmisch-Partenkirchen area. The event will also result into an increase in the number of sustainable housing units (Coulter, 2008). Additionally, the event will also contribute towards revival of the Munich Olympic Park. The community especially the youth will also benefit from the awareness and education programmes. The programs will give the youth insight with regard to sports participation and Olympics. Considering the fact that the event will be held on the already existing facilities and temporary venues, a high degree of sustainability will be attained. Economic impacts According to a report by Great Britain (2006, p.9), there are numerous economic benefits which are associated with hosting mega events such as the Winter Olympics. These benefits range from short term to long term benefits. Some of the short term benefits associated with hosting Olympic Games relate to regeneration and increase in the number of local investment within the host city. This arises from the fact that there are numerous economic activities which are staged on the games (Cashman, 2002, p. 10). Different governments are increasingly promoting and supporting events as one of their core strategies towards attainment of their nation building, destination marketing and economic development goals. Damster et al (2005, p.8) opine that events entail a unique way of attracting tourists. As a result, events are increasingly being considered as an effective way of enhancing tourism within a particular country (Locate In Kent, 2009, p. 4). For example, by hosting the Winter Olympic Games, more individuals will change the perception regarding Germany. As a result, they will increasingly consider Germany as a potential foreign investment destination. The resultant effect is that the country’s Gross Domestic Product will be enhanced. Media services Mega events such as the Olympic Games are characterized by extensive media coverage (Great Britain, 2010, p. 9). These range from television and radio broadcasting stations and the print media. To ensure effective coverage of the event, Munich 2018 bid committee has proposed that it will design 2 main media centers which will be effectively equipped with the state-of-the-art facilities in order to meet the needs of the various media houses. One of the centers will be located in Munich while the other will be at Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The media centers will entail an International Broadcasting Center (IBC) which will be approximately 40,000 m2 and a Media Press Center (MPC) which will be approximately 20,000 m2. These centers will be housed at the Munich Trade Fair Center. Additionally, six media villages will be designed to cater for the needs of all the media. The media representative will be accommodated within the restaurants that are located near the media centers. This will ensure ease of access to their place of work. Transport between the competition and the accommodation venues will also be offered to all the media representatives. Accommodation The appropriateness of Munich to host the 2018 Olympic Games is evidenced by the fact that the city has sufficient accommodation. There are approximately 53,000 rooms which are located within a radius of 50 kilometers from Munich. This means that Munich meets the International Olympic Committee (IOC) accommodation requirements of over 24, 600 rooms. Approximately 18,500 rooms are located within a distance of 10 kilometers from Munich. More than 12, 800 rooms are located at G armisch-Partenkirchen while 1000 rooms are located at Konigssee. The bid committee has also projected the average room rate by 2018. The chart below illustrates these projections. Â   Single room Double room Candidature file rate 592 628 New rate 463 493 The chart below also illustrates the rates that other clients will be required to pay. These rates are inclusive of breakfast and taxes. Category of hotel Single room Double room 2 star 157 175 3 star 442 481 4 star 587 625 5 star 773 1041 Currency fluctuations pose a risk with regard to these projections. However, the bid committee confirmed that in the event that the room rates increase by 2018, it will cater for the difference. Business plan According to Bowdin (2010, p. 298) management of events should take into consideration the finances. One of the ways through which this can be attained is by integrating the concept of budgeting. This arises from the fact that a substantial amount of money is requir ed to successfully host the event. The 2018 Munich Olympic Games organizing committee has developed a comprehensive balanced budget which outlines the revenue and expenditure which will be incurred to host the event. It is projected that the event will generate $ 1.52 billion in revenue. Additionally, the total expenditure for the whole event is also $ 1.52 billion. To ensure that the event is successful, the organizing committee has set apart a contingency fund of $76 million which represents 5% of the total expenditure. Considering the fact that Germany is in a relatively stable region, the committee projects that the average annual rate of inflation by 2018 to be 1.6%. Revenue generation The chart below illustrates the projected the revenues to be generated from the event. Description Amount in million $ Sale of tickets 208 Licensing 36 IOC contribution 373 Government subsidies 41 Domestic sponsorship 511 IOC TOP Programme contribution 168 Other revenues 185 To tal 1,522 In its budget, the committee has also outlined the main expenditure items associated with the event. The main expenditure items identified are outlined in the chart below. Expenditure item Amount in million $ Transportation 95 Advertising and promotion 48 Administration 384 Contingency 76 Venue and villages 370 Paralympics Games 86 Technology 250 Games workforce 140 Ceremonies and culture 73 Critical path The chart below illustrates the key dates for the event bidding process. Date Event 16 January 2012 Registration of the bid to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games 23 January 2012 Formation of the bid committee 2 April 2012 Signing of the bidding agreement 4 August 2012 Submission of the bidding document to IOC. 26 September 2012 Visit by the International Olympic Organizing Committee to inspect Munich. 4 December 2012 Selection of host countries by the IOC. Conclusion The evaluation conducted by the bidding committee on the appr opriateness of Munich to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games presents a high probability of Munich being selected by the IOC. This is evidenced by the information presented by the bidding committee to the IOC. The information provided depicts the key success factors necessary to host an event such as the Winter Olympic Games successfully. The bidding committee has presented Munich’s commitment towards ensuring that the event is successful. For example, the bidding committee has outlined its proposal with regard to the various requirements that are necessary to host such an event. Some of these relate to provision of both competition and non-competition venues. Additionally, the bid is also supported by a number of parties such as the government and the local community. Reference List Adams, L., Mallen, C., 2008. Sport, recreation and tourism event management: Theoretical and practical dimensions. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Bowdin, G., 2010. Events management. New York: R outledge. Campbell, D., Stonehouse, G., Houston, B., 2004. Business strategy: An introduction. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinmann Cashman, R., 2002. The impact of the games on Olympic host cities. Web. Available at: http://ceo.uab.cat/lec/pdf/cashman.pdf . Coulter, M., 2008. Strategic management in action. New York. Pearson-Prentice Hall. Damster, G., Tassiopoulos, D., et al. 2005. Event management: A professional and developmental approach. Lansdowne: Juta. Evans, N., Campbell, D. Stonehouse, G., 2002. Strategic management for travel and tourism. London: Butterworth- Heinemann. Great Britain. 2010. Olympic games and Paralympics games 2012: Legacy, oral and written evidence. London: Stationery Office. Great Britain. 2006. Going for gold: Transport for London 2012 Olympic Games. London: Stationery Office. Hiller, H., 2000. Mega events, urban boosterism and growth strategies: An analysis of the objectives and legitimations of the Cape Town 2004 Olympic bid. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. Vol. 24, issue 2, pp. 440-458. House of Commons. 2003. A London Olympic bid for 2012. London: House of Commons. International Monetary Fund. 2010. Finance and development. New York: International Monetary Fund. Japanese Olympic Committee. 2011. History of Japan’s bid for the Olympics. Web. Available at: joc.or.jp/english/historyjapan/history_japan_bid03.html . Locate In Kent. 2009. Economic impacts of Olympic games. Web. Available at: locateinkent.com/images/assets/Economic%20Impacts%20of%20Olympic%20Games%20-%2009.07.09.pdf . Mechikoff, R., 2009. A history and philosophy of sport and physical education: From ancient civilization to the modern world. New York: McGraw-Hill. Roche, M., 2000. Mega-events and modernity: Olympics and expos in the growth of a global culture. New York: Routledge. Shone, A., Parry, B., 2004. Successful event management. London: Continuum. Silvers, J., 2004. Professional event coordination. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Tarlow, P., 200 2. Event risk management and safety. New York: John Wiley. Theodoraki, E., 2007. Olympic event organization. New York: Routledge. Tiersky, R., Jones, E., Genugten, S., 2011. Europe today: A twenty first century introduction. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. Torkildsen, G., 2005. Leisure and recreational management. New York: Routledge. Varrel, A., Kennedy, L., 2011. Mega events and mega projects. Web. Available at: chance2sustain.eu/fileadmin/Website/Dokumente/Dokumente/Publications/Chance2Sustain_-_Policy_Brief_No3___Mega-Events_and_Megaprojects_-_WP2.pdf . Westerbeek, H., Turner, P., Ingerson, L., 2002. Key success factors in bidding for hallmark sporting events. International Marketing Review. Vol. 19, issue 3, pp. 303-322. Yeoman, I., Robertson, M., Ali-Knight, J., Drummond, S., McMahon-Beattie, U., 2003. Festival and events management: An international arts and culture perspective. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Effect of Evaluation Apprehension on Speed of Performance in a Simple Essay

Effect of Evaluation Apprehension on Speed of Performance in a Simple Manual Dexterity Task - Essay Example This report evaluates the effect that performance evaluation has on a simple manual dexterity task. Evaluation apprehension does have an impact on an individual’s performance. Participants who believe that they are being evaluated while performing a simple manual task are able to complete their tasks faster when they are in the presence of other people compared to participants who do not think that their performance is the same task is being evaluated (Ferris and Roland, 1983). There have been several studies done to evaluate if a person who perceives that he is being evaluated will perform a task any differently if he thinks that no one is evaluating him. Different theories have been formulated to explain how evaluation apprehension impacts on speed of performance in a simple dexterity task. The Evaluation Apprehension Theory, which was proposed by Cottrell in 1972 when he stated that when individuals work in the presence of other people, they normally experience a general concern about how the audience is evaluating them. He further stated that the apprehension has the ability to facilitate performance on simple, well learned tasks (Cottrell, Wack, Sekerek and Rittle, 1968). According to Cottrell, one’s performance is dependent on how well the person understands the social rewards and punishments that he might receive as a result of how other people evaluate him. This is to say that performance can be impaired or enhanced only when one performs in the presence of others who might approve or disapprove the actions involved (Geen, 1983). Cottrell says that individuals are more to experience evaluation apprehension when they are in group that is negatively stereotyped (Cottrell, Wack, Sekerek and Rittle, 1968). There are many situations that can be used as examples of how evaluation apprehension may affect the speed on performance of a simple dexterity task. One is in a class situation where

Volkswagen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Volkswagen - Essay Example Additionally, the paper also discusses the company’s SBUs and growth strategies to assist the creation of a clearer stance on the development of Volkswagen’s strategic direction. Appraisal of strategic decisions is also conducted to provide direction for further considerations and research. Recommendations focus on the expansion of Volkswagen in developing markets by application of current strategies and the enhancement of its position in the markets of India, China and Brazil. 1. Introduction As one of the key players in its industry, German automobile manufacturer Volkswagen stands as the 14th largest company in the world according to Forbes (2013). Relying on the foundations of advancing corporate social responsibility and sustainability through its operations, Volkswagen’s mission extends to the provision of customer satisfaction, which is a practice that the company hopes would lead to its attainment of the first position in the global automotive industry by the year 2018. For the purposes of realizing its objectives, the company implements and follows what is known as a group strategy across its departments in order to fulfill its aim of recording 10 million sales of automobiles in a year and generating a pre-tax profit margin of 8% (Volkswagen 2011). This report comprehensively covers the aspects of Volkswagen’s strategic position and strategic direction in addition to a critical evaluation of Volkswagen Group’s strategy to highlight the company’s path in meeting its long term objectives effectively. 2. ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC POSITION 2.1 External Analysis In examining the external position of Volkswagen Group, this section of the report utilizes the evaluations of tools such as the PESTEL analysis, Porter’s Five Forces analysis and the industry life cycle. 2.1.1 PESTEL ANALYSIS POLITICAL The UNECE agreement introduced in 1958 was initiated by the EU to provide an incentive to automakers operating within th e political region by diminishing compliance costs. While, the UNECE agreement is critical to enhancing Volkswagen’s cost efficiency the Cars 2020 reform proposed by the EU will allow the company to expand its geographical reach (European Commission 2013). ECONOMIC Following the global economic downturn, analysts such as Pearson (2013) are predicting a gradual and steady recovery in Europe’s demand for automobiles which had diminished to a great extent. Both the consistency in demand for cars outside of the EU and a revival in demand within the EU is a positive sign for Volkswagen Group. SOCIAL The market positioning of Volkswagen’s brands has significantly assisted its aim of catering to the unpredictably of social transitions and changes in consumer preferences. By balancing cars that offer great value and automobiles such as the Phaeton that is designed for the high-end customer, Volkswagen Group is greatly equipped with facing any amendments with regards to social factors. TECHNOLOGICAL Volkswagen has increased its investments in R&D and constant innovation owing to the competitiveness of the automobile industry. The relentless efforts of the company’s R&D and innovations department have led to the development of technologies such as BlueMotion, Assistance systems and TDI. ENVIRONMENTAL

Negative Effects of TV on Young People

Negative Effects of TV on Young People As we can see, television is playing a very big role in our life. Television has its good side. It can be entertaining and educational, and can open up new worlds for children, giving them a chance to travel the globe, learn about different cultures, and gain exposure to ideas they may never encounter in their own community. However, parents need to understand the negative influence of childrens TV, even childrens programming, because children are likely to learn things from TV that parents dont want them to learn. Television can affect childrens health, school work and behavior in negative ways. Excess television viewing can influence childrens physical and mental health. On one hand, it could affect badly childrens physical health. It is easy for children to be myopic if they watch TV more than two hours in a day. Children will spend less time on sports and TV time also takes away from participating in sports, music, art or other activities that require practice to become skillful. And they may have high caloric intake if they are watching TV at dinner. A person would burn fewer calories while watching TV than when just sitting quietly, doing nothing (Langholt, 2010). So it may contribute to obesity problems. Children who watch more TV are more likely to be overweight. TV is a bigger factor than diet. Estimates of risk indicate that more 60% of overweight incidence in this population can be linked to excess television viewing time (Dietz, 1996). Many TV ads encourage unhealthy eating habits. Two-thirds of the 20,000 TV ads an average child sees each year are for food and mo st are for high-sugar foods. After-school TV ads target children with ads for unhealthy foods and beverages, like fast food and sugary drinks. On the other hand, watching TV has bad influence on childrens mental health, too. Children who are addicted to TV are hard to communicate with their family members and classmates. One study found that TV viewing before age three slightly hurt several measures of later brain development. Before the age of three, childrens brain develops rapidly, forming connections and pathways that will assist with learning later in life. Studies indicate that exposure to television, with its fast-moving images and rapid actions, actually rewires childrens brain to crave this hyperactive stimulation. The benefits of parent-child interactions are proven, and under age three, talking, singing, reading, listening, to music or playing are far more important to childrens development than any TV show. The American Academy of Pediatrics strongly recommends that pare nts keep their kids away from all TV until after the age of two (Bushman, 2010). Children under age eight cant tell the difference between reality in our lives and fantasy on TV. In this case, children may be frightened or upset by TV stories easily, and the symptoms include bad dreams, anxious feelings, being afraid of being alone, withdrawing from friends, and missing school. TV viewing may replace activities that we know help with school work, such as reading, doing homework, pursuing hobbies, and getting enough sleep. First, it makes children read fewer books and have lower grades in school. Watching TV at age four is one factor to be associated with bulling in grade school. Second, children may become more seeing than thinking. It may prevent children from the development of their imagination and creativity. Finally, one research study found that TVs effects on education are long term. The study found that watching TV as a child affected educational achievement at age 26. Watching more TV in childhood increases chances of dropping out of school and decreased chances of getting a college, even after controlling for confounding factors (Bushman, 2010). Children who watch more sensitive TV may have behavior problems. First of all, they will imitate the violence they see on TV. Programs designed for children more often contain violence than adult TV. Young children may even try to emulate the things they see on TV, not realizing that they risk injuring themselves or others. According to the AAP, Extensive research evidence indicates that media violence can contribute to aggressive behavior, desensitization to violence (Bushman, 2010). Watching violent shows is also linked with having less empathy toward others. A university of Michigan researcher demonstrated that watching violent media can affect willingness to help others in need (Bushman, 2010). Whats more, alcohol advertising, including TV ads, contributes to an increase in drinking among youth. TV ads are a major factor in normalizing alcohol use in the minds of children, adolescents and college students. Alcohol has damaging effects on young peoples developing brains-and the da mage can be permanent. Children who watch TV are more likely to smoke. Even though tobacco ads are banned on TV, young people still see people smoking on programs and movies shown on television. Recent research has shown that exposure to smoking in movie characters increases the likelihood that viewers will associate themselves with smoking (Langholt, 2010). Kids who watch more TV start smoking at an earlier age. The relationship between television viewing and age of starting smoking is stronger than that of peer smoking, parental smoking, and gender. Finally, children get lots of information about sexuality from television. Because most parents dont talk to their kids about sex and most school dont offer complete sex education programs, they get much information about sex from TV. However, watching sex on TV increases the chances that a teen will have sex, and may cause teens to start having sex at younger ages (Bushman, 2010). In summary, television viewing affects childrens physical and mental health, school performance and behavior in negative ways. Therefore, children should replace TV time with creative and physical activities, reading and playing games with positive values and educational content.

Should Animals Used Lab Research Health And Social Care Essay

Peoples all over the universe have different ideas on utilizing animate beings for lab research. Most of animate being rights groups believe that animate being should non be used in lab research because they are ethically incorrect, and painful to the animate beings. They besides claim that most carnal research find medical remedy really abuse the animate beings in lab research. Research studies have shown that there are more than 20 million animate beings experimented yearly in lab research to acquire better medical specialty for people ( Andre & A ; Valesque, n.d. ) . Majority of carnal right groups prefer that research workers use alternate research method for their lab research, because there are many ethical statements against the usage animate beings in lab research ( American Anti-Vivisection Society, 2010 ) . On the other manus, due to many new types of human disease today, big sum of animate being will be used in lab research to happen suited vaccinums and remedy ( Animal Research, 2009 ) . Animal proving continues because this is the best manner to prove medical merchandises to understand the basic physiologic mechanisms and the best manner to cover with certain disease. Other ground carnal research to go on is because the usage of animate beings has made major parts to the apprehension, intervention, and bar for homo and animate being diseases ( Quimby, 1998 ) . Furthermore, in many instances, animate beings are vulnerable to hold the same diseases that affect worlds because most animate beings have variety meats and organic structure system alike to worlds and other animate beings ( AALAS, 2010 ) . This is why animate beings are preferred to be used in lab research instead than other alternate methods. Although there are many carnal right groups claiming that utilizing animate beings in lab research is barbarous, it is undeniable that carnal research is needed to salvage the homo and carnal life. First, most carnal right groups claim that animate being ‘s life are non valued in lab research, because about all the animate beings used for lab research will decease when their experiments are over. It is true that big sum of animate beings are used in lab research, but this does non intend that all of the animate beings will decease. A study of U.S. Department of Agriculture ‘s twelvemonth 2009 shows that a sum of 1,131,076 experiment animate beings were purchased for lab research. From the full 1,131,076 animate beings purchased, study shows that 151,457 animate beings were non used, 548,755 animate beings were used with no hurting and no drug, 76,001 animate beings were used with hurting but no drugs and 354,863 animate beings were used with hurting and with drugs ( USDA, 2009 ) . Traveling to the extent, merely some animate beings might decease. This is because, from the same study, it revealed that 38 % of animate beings suffer in hurting therefore there should be less than 38 % of animate beings will be deceasing ( USDA, 2009 ) . Furthermore, it is usual that some experiment fails in lab research and might do animate beings decease, but animal right groups should understand there are many records of experiments which success will profit for many life ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . There are many diseases looking while we already have batch diseases with no remedy ( Animal Research, n.d ) . Assorted diseases affect worlds ‘ life, as in 2004, WHO report shows 58.8 million people died globally because of diseases like bosom onslaught and malignant neoplastic disease. ( WHO, 2004 ) . This state of affairs decidedly necessitate big sum of carnal research to be carried out, but the statistic of animate being research shows that animate beings used in lab are worsening each twelvemonth ( AALAC, 2010 ; European Commission, 2007 ) . Disease like malignant neoplastic disease have no remedy found until now, but from the part of carnal research there are anti-cancer medical specialty found by research companies such as Roc he ( Animal Research, n.d. ; Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . Despite of that, there is no strong ground animate being right groups tell that the full animate being which used are been killed or the carnal use were been increasing. Some company have been perfect but other companies should seek their best to cut down the use of animate beings and increase the benefit to salvage much life ‘s disease. Second, carnal right groups have claimed that animate being ‘s rights are mistreated when they were used in experiments. They says that animate beings will be forced to engender, caged in dark, and specimens will be exhibited. All of the statements are non true because the animate beings are controlled stairss and regulations on making research. This type of animate being abuse largely will be done by illegal research companies since legal companies will follow carnal rights association ‘s regulations that have been prepared. Example of regulation have been prepared was riddance of hurting and facet of animate being attention like caging eating, exercising for Canis familiariss and the psychological comfort of Primatess which purely controlled by Federal Torahs which the Animal Welfare Act and Public Health Service Act for animate being ‘s right ( AALAS, 2010 ) . Roche Company is one illustration of the legal company that follows regulations fixed by animate being r ights groups ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . Roche Company ‘s research workers will non lb or shelter the animate beings because they will buy all animate beings from selected Sellerss who specialise in lovingness and bring forthing animate beings for research intent. The carnal seller Roche research workers choose should be professional breeders, because animate being should be breed with their voluntary and non forced On the other manus, there are several types of organisation that statute law was placed to protect the public assistance and attention for animate beings used in scientific research by assorted states. Many states have their ain specified jurisprudence regulating the intervention of animate beings which involved in scientific procedures ( Animal Research, n.d. ) . They have Torahs for protect the public assistance of animate beings to guarantee that any scientific experiments refering carnal agony will be balanced by the possible benefit of the research as protection to animate beings. Some of the illustrations of research associations are European Biomedical Research Association ( EBRA ) , European Commission ( EU ) , American Association for Laboratory Animal Science ( AALAS ) and Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International ( AAALAC ) . EBRA association which represent the research community within Europe states was established to animate th e apprehension of the place of animate beings in medical and veterinary research ( EBRA, 2010 ) . This means all the European states must follow EBRA or any other association regulations, if non they will be known as illegal research organisation. Many people are misconstruing about carnal research because merely some illegal research workers that misuse animate beings in lab research and do legal research workers besides get the incrimination for the abuse of animate being. Third, carnal right groups claimed that all the animate being which been experimented are have similar feeling like homo. So animate beings will see hurting and hurt when involve in experiment merely like homo does. This issue was a often argued affair by carnal rights group. They should understand that â€Å" the usage of animate beings in research and testing is purely controlled, peculiarly sing possible hurting † ( AALAS, 2010 ) . Therefore most animate beings will merely experience merely little or fleeting hurting when taking blood samples, giving injection, or holding a alteration of diet ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . Every research worker or establishment that does carnal research should follow regulations which purely controlled by Federal Torahs from the Animal Welfare Act and the Public Health Service Act ( AALAS, 2010 ) . In extra, every establishment of research worker must fall in a commission which includes an external member of the public plus a veterinary who will an alyze and supervise every possible experiment to assist guarantee best animate being attention and interventions. Research workers believe that the animate beings that help out us to check the secrets of disease that should be respected with best attention, because the animate being which good threated will supply more dependable scientific consequences ( AALAS, 2010 ) . Sometimes the animate being will experience utmost hurting and hurt affected by diseases, but anesthetics or trouble relieving drug will be given for most instances to relief them from hurting. Before certain carnal research is approved by associations like the Roche Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee ( IACUC ) , hurting and hurt direction will be used in carnal research proposal. Therefore, if there are any researches that may potentially do hurting or hurt in animate beings found, they must be scientifically justified by including a warrant that alternate methods are non available. ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . All carnal research proposals besides must hold a declaration that the proposal does non needlessly double other ca rnal research. So people do non necessitate to worry about carnal feeling in lab research because there are legion ways to diminish the hurting and hurt that animate being will travel through in research and some Animal Welfare associations that concern about animate being rights in lab research. Finally, carnal right groups have claimed that animate being lab research is non necessary and they should non be continued because there are other alternate methods could be used. Examples of other alternate methods are In Vitro Research, In Silico ( Computer ) Technologies, Safety Testing, and Epidemiologic and Clinical Studies ( PCRM, n.d. ) . Truly to develop utilizing non-animal method to replace the usage of carnal research is proved really hard because even after non-animal method were developed and validated will non accepted by regular governments worldwide. That method should be the first pick to the carnal trials before clinical test ( Animal Research, n.d. ) . An illustration is, if you have discovered a imaginable drug that might destruct lung malignant neoplastic disease cells and it will be a imaginable new intervention for lung malignant neoplastic disease. But the first thing to happen out is, do it really does kill lung malignant neoplastic disease cells merely or h ealthy lung cells excessively. â€Å" Laboratory animate beings have variety meats and organic structure systems similar to worlds and other animate beings. In many instances, they are susceptible to the same diseases that affect worlds. â€Å" ( AALAS, 2010 ) It is non imaginable to come on drugs or performs several different sorts of of import scientific probe without carnal research. Animal research was biological and medical research methods that use cells, tissues, people, and high tech equipment ( Animal Research, n.d. ) . In modern universe, kids normally receive a vaccinum that delivers lifetime protection from the diseases and immunise them in contrast to typhus, diphtheria, whooping cough, variola, and lockjaw. Millions of people in the universe are healthy grownup because of those vaccinums that were made probably through carnal research ( AALAS Foundation, n.d. ) In the intervening clip, alternate methods like computing machine theoretical accounts and cell civilizations are first-class used for demoing and specifying the toxic potency of a substance in the early stages of probe for lessening the figure of animate beings required in research ( AALAS, 2010 ) . There is possible of ‘3Rs ‘ construct of alternate method which Reduce, Refine and Replace could be followed in carnal research ( DLRM, 2001 ) . There are legion alternate methods could be used for cut down the use of animate beings in lab research. Animal research can non be banned in lab research because animate beings are biol ogically similar with human, they could assist to bring around human and carnal diseases. It is true that animate being researches have many history of success on remedy diseases. Besides, censoring carnal research and non-human archpriest research in any state is non possible and really unsafe for that state ‘s economic assistance and medical progress. Once the carnal researches were banned in their county, the research workers from their state will carry on their research experiment outside of their state. This will impact their state ‘s criterion of research and medical demands because the state ‘s research criterion will be influenced by other planetary states. On other side of position, if the carnal research or non-human archpriest research was banned globally, there will bigger job because greater country of medical required could be found ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . There are studies shows that more than 90 % of animate being and non-human Primatess are used in research merely for evaluates curtain drugs or vaccinum ‘s efficiency and safety earlier tested on homo. The study on animate beings or non-human Primatess proving was required by regulative governments worldwide. Examples of regulative governments worldwide are European Medicines Evaluation Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( European Commission Environment, 2010 ) . The ground why these regulative authorization organic structures worldwide wants an efficiency and safety database on carnal experimentation, is because they want to minimise the hazards of patient who will be utilizing the merchandise. Lastly animate beings which benefit on biomedical research non merely cure human diseases but besides save carnal diseases. â€Å" Feline immunodeficiency virus ( FIV ) and feline leukemia virus ( FeLV ) infections are major causes of decease in cats. In the U.S. , it is estimated that 2-3 % of all cats are infected with one or both of these diseases. A vaccinum is available to forestall these diseases, but much extra work is necessary to explicate these diseases and their i ntervention † ( AALAS Foundation, n.d. ) . Scarification of each animate beings were been saves many lives non merely for now but for the hereafter excessively. In decision, carnal research is good and there are several other parts of research where animate being testing is wholly necessary particularly in medical spheres, like shots, behavior jobs, mental defects, and other. Peopless besides must be clear about some jobs that they do non cognize in carnal research and non to fault carnal research. First there is no cogent evidence that full animate beings which used in carnal research were been killed, and research worker are seeking their greatest manner to cut down the use of animate beings and increase the benefit for safe all life ‘s disease. Second people should understand that legal animate being research worker will non harm animate beings in researches because all carnal research is really purely regulated by legion different moralss communities and regulative organic structures. Third there are legion ways to diminish the hurting and hurt that animate beings go through in research, so people do non necessitate to worry about animate beings experiencing. Ultimately, because animate beings are biologically similar to human and they have solved many disease of human go through, there is no manner to censoring the carnal research ; hence alternate methods besides are non dependable as carnal research. Scarification of each animate being will salvage many lives non merely now but for the hereafter excessively. In order to make consciousness for people about the benefit of carnal research, companies should make explanation about their company mission in utilizing animate being for lab research and the authorities should take serious action for company that does non follows regulations made by carnal rights group. Indeed at that place many facts that prove carnal research is of import and should be continued by following the regulations fixed by animate being rights associations, as it is good and improves the quality for human and animate beings life. 2390 words

Poverty Mother of All Crimes Essay

Does poverty cause crime? Are people criminal because they are poor, or are they poor because they are criminal? The latter is uncontroversial, given the time and professional and educational experience inmates lose, the difficulties they have finding a job after their release etc. But what about the former statement? Crime obviously has many causes, and poverty is most likely one of them in some cases. It seems likely that some poor people may sometimes have to resort to theft in order to survive. But the causal relationship between crime and poverty is only likely for some types of crimes. Other crimes, such as fraud, crimes of passion, serial murder etc. bear absolutely no link to poverty. There may be even an inverse link, since poor people are not in a position to carry out a crime like fraud or insider trading. This paper lists some of the statistics that show a possible correlation between poverty and crime – mainly property crime, more than violent crime. There is also the fact that African-Americans in the U.S. are overrepresented both in prisons and in poverty statistics (see here), indicating as well that there is a correlation. There is some anecdotal evidence (there are many news stories indicating a link, such as the stories about people stranded on a desert island, being subject to extreme scarcity and engaging in crime such as murder and cannibalism). But there’s also anecdotal evidence to the contrary. During the Great Depression, for example, crime did not increase significantly. Poverty can also be an indirect cause of crime. As it leads to under-education it may make the choice of a criminal lifestyle more likely. This graph shows the proportion of US inmates that is illiterate, compared to total US illiteracy: (source) I couldn’t find any data on previous illiteracy, so it may be that under-education (and hence in many cases poverty) is not the cause of crime, but the consequence; being in prison in principle doesn’t help you to get educated. Anyway, it seems intuitively acceptable that there is some causal link between crime and poverty, in both directions. So dealing with crime without dealing with root causes of crime such as poverty, and only focusing on punishment is indeed not the best option. However, none of this should imply: †¢that poverty somehow determines crime, or that crime is a necessary result of poverty; many poor people are not criminals, and many rich people are †¢that poor people are perhaps not predetermined to be criminals, but that they are more disposed to crime than other people; that would be insulting †¢that there are no other, perhaps more important causes of crime such as irresponsibility, immorality etc. †¢that poverty is somehow an excuse for crime, or perhaps even a justification; I think it’s not even a mitigating circumstance †¢that poverty should be reduced to a problem of crime; poverty, slums and homelessness should not be eliminated because they are so-called breeding grounds of crime, but because we have a moral duty to do so. Given the causal link, we should also accept that poverty, like a bad upbringing, is often abused as a false excuse for crime. A related question is the following: are poor inmates incarcerated because they are criminal or because they are poor and can’t escape the law as easily as the rich? Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights gives everyone the right to legal defense, without charge if necessary: Everyone shall be entitled to have legal assistance assigned to him, in any case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment by him in any such case if he does not have sufficient means to pay for it

Introduction. The Following Report Is An Analysis Of...

Introduction The following report is an analysis of exercises that can be conducted on a Business Continuity Plan. It examines seven types of exercises classified under two different categories of emergency management exercises. The report also explains the pros and cons associated with each exercise and gives a brief description of how each exercise can be coordinated. Emergency Management Exercises Emergency management exercises are performed to ensure that the Business Continuity Plan (BCP) will be effective and successful when activated in the event of an emergency (Mechan, 2017). Exercises are divided into two main categories namely: discussion-based and operations based exercises (Mechan, 2017). Discussion-based Exercises†¦show more content†¦However, seminars are not without their downside. There is a potential risk that if an unqualified speaker coordinates the seminar, the team players especially those new on the BCP or business recovery team will me misinformed (Mechan, 2017). In most cases, the information delivered may not be relevant to all players due to varying roles. In addition, seminars are not designed to exercise the plan in real-time. Seminars also have the potential of become boring if they are held very often and with the same basic information (U.S. Department of Education, n.d.). Workshops Unlike seminars where information is delivered to the players, workshops involve getting information from the exercise players. It is a brainstorming session that is intended to allow participants share ideas about a topic (Mechan, 2017). The group is broken into smaller groups to focus on the issue and eventually they reconvene to share the information from their respective groups. At the end of the workshop session, a summary report (brief meeting minute) is developed (Mechan, 2017). Workshops are advantageous in that they help with strengthening the relationships between the attendees (Community Tool Box, 2016). Attendees are able to share their ideas and are encouraged to actively participate (Community Tool Box, 2016). During this session, plans, procedures, and other materials could be created (Community Tool Box, 2016). ThereShow MoreRelatedYogesh Chander Deveshwar740 Words   |  3 Pagespresent Trimester Based on the above broad objective the assignment should be able to cover at least the following specific objectives: i) The critical analysis of each chapter (if written chapter wise) / part wise in the book. ii) Interpreting the behavioral theories from the writings. iii) Relating theories to practical behavior. iv) Your learning from this exercise. v) Group processes followed and peer evaluation of interpersonal skills of group members Method ofRead MoreFinancial Statement Analysis : Financial Assessment And Future Prospects Of Business Undertakings Essay1455 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Different segments of the general public are keen on data about the present budgetary positions and future prospects of business undertakings. Presently the people perhaps straightforwardly identified with the enterprise, or they may be keen on securing relations with the same instantly. Their essential target is to choose whether they will keep up, reinforce, or break their current relations with the business undertakings. Various proclamations readied toward the end of each bookkeepingRead MoreThe Web Based Blossom Boutique1101 Words   |  5 Pagesand transactions. 5. We can manage flower suppliers to the company. 6. Administrator can update list of the flowers. 7. For accepting and validating credit card details it provides the Credit Card interface. 2. Introduction 2.1 Existing System The Existing system consists of following. †¢ The existing system is also an online delivery but it needs registration. †¢ They don’t provide variety of flowers from seasonal flowers. †¢ In existing system there is no 24/7 customer support. †¢ There is noRead MoreMarketing Plan Structure Acc to Jobber1628 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Plan Contents Introduction: Using the Marketing Planning Framework 1. Terms of Reference 2. Executive Summary 3. Business Mission 4. External Marketing Audit Macroenvironment The Market Competition 5. Internal Marketing Audit Operating Results Strategic Issues Analysis Marketing Mix Effectiveness Marketing Structures and Systems 6. SWOT Analysis 7. Marketing Objectives Strategic Thrust Strategic Objectives 8. Core Strategy Read MoreExercise Physiology And Training Programs1697 Words   |  7 PagesExercise Physiology and Training Programs. Research Report The contents included in this report will outline; the meaning of fitness, components of fitness, measurements and evaluation of physical performance capacities, the three energy systems, oxygen consumption and delivery, training methods and training principles. 2â€Æ' Table of contents Contents Table of contents 1 Part A 2 Introduction 2 Part B 2 Touch analysis 2 Part C 3 Fitness components and energy systems 3 Part D 3 Process andRead MoreDisplay Screen Equipment Assessment Essay examples1417 Words   |  6 Pages1 SUMMERY FOR MANAGEMENT 1.1 The following report contains an introduction, background, methodology, result, discussion, recommendations and conclusion following a Display Screen Equipment assessment (DSE). 2 INTRODUCTION 2.1 The purpose of this report is to carry out a DSE assessment on an employee who is defined as a DSE user (Display Screen Equipment, 2002, P5). To identify any adjustments to the workstation, layout and to present the recommendations to management. The assessment will complyRead MoreImpact of Ict on Accounting Practice in Nigeria1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe impact of ICT on accounting practice in Nigeria CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚   Background of the study   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the recent past centuries, before the inception of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), the accountants of an organization were using a socially acceptable behavioural method of reporting accounting and economic reports, carried out during accounting year ends, the preparation of accounting records, book such as the profit and loss account, the balance sheetRead MoreKnowledge Skills Abilities1362 Words   |  6 Pagesassessments and evalutions that included presenting and reviewing all surgical and non-surgical consumer products of Wisconsin, Illinois and Michigan healthcare institutions’ test results, reviewing national and international clinical studies and reports, developing a product value success plan, and then providing clinical and specialty care educational training. I am exceptional as a resourceful problem solver to complex problems, a developer in building solid rapport with patients, family, staffRead MoreEssay on Water diuresis in man1299 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Water Diuresis in Man Practical Report INTRODUCTION The body needs to maintain equilibrium to function properly in everyday life. The most important substance it must regulate is water; water is everywhere in our body and its balance is essential for proper body function. A very carefully regulated process is solute concentration. If there is a sudden increase in water which enters the extracellular fluid, sodium ions will then contribute less to the extracellular solute concentration as theRead MoreManaging Business Assignment992 Words   |  4 Pages Demonstrate knowledge of the underlying concepts and principles related to entrepreneurial and management activities. Deliverables This assignment represents 30% of the total INCOURSE marks for this module. The deliverables: A report of 1,000 words. You should state the number of words used on the cover of the assignment. You may include diagrams or figures, reference and bibliography lists and any appendices without word penalty. The standard sliding scale of penalties